Anaemia of Renal Insufficiency… Clinical Features of Multiple Myeloma 10 Jun 201810 Jun 2018 Myeloma causes symptoms by infiltration, production of paraproteins and production of cytokines. The common manifestations include anemia, bone pain, renal impairment, fatigue and weight loss, hypercalcaemia, and neurological manifestations. Anaemia…
Disease Monograph… Febrile Non-Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction 8 Jun 2018 Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) is the most common transfusion reaction. Its needs to be differentiated from haemolytic transfusion reaction and bacterial contamination both of which are serious and potentially…
Coagulation Disorders… Factor VII 7 Jun 2018 Factor VII is a vitamin K dependent coagulation factor. It is a serine protease. Activation of factor VII is the first step in the coagulation cascade. Deficiency is rare and…
Anti-coagulants… Vitamin K 6 Jun 20186 Jun 2018 Vitamin K was discovered by Henrik Dam in 1929 while studying cholesterol metabolism in chicken (see Discovery of Vitamin K and It's Targets and Antagonists). It is a co-factor for post translation…
Lymphoma… Marginal Zone Lymphoma 25 Apr 201825 Apr 2018 Marginal zone lymphomas are low grade lymphoma that are believed to arise from the lymphocytes of the marginal zone of lymphoid follicles. The marginal zone lies outside the mantle zone.…
Anemia… Treatment of Warm Antibody Type Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia (WAIHA) 20 Feb 201820 Feb 2018 Warm antibody type of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (WAIHA) is characterised by anaemia, reticulocytosis, conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia with the presence of a positive anti-globulin (Coombs') test (see Diagnosis of haemolytic anaemia). It may…
Acquired Coagulation Defects… Clinical Features of Antiphospholipid Syndromes 8 Feb 20188 Feb 2018 Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterised by venous or arterial thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of persistent laboratory evidence of antiphospholipid antibodies. It may occur as a primary disorder…
Anaemia of Liver Disease… 78 year old Alcoholic With Anaemia 29 Oct 201729 Oct 2017 An 78 year old man presented with fatigue and breathlessness. Examination showed pallor. There was no icretus, clubbing, lymphadenopathy or hepatomegaly. There was mild splenomegaly. There was no history of haemoptysis,…
Disease Monograph… Nodular Lymphocytic Predominant Hodgkin’s Lymphoma 20 Oct 201720 Oct 2017 Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is of two types. Classical (cHL) and nodular lymphocyte predominant (NLPHL). NLPHL is rarer and runs a more indolent clinical course. Epidemiology NLPHL accounts for about 5%…
Diagnosis… Lymphocytosis in Adults 28 Sep 201728 Sep 2017 Normal Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Lymphocytes are small leucocytes with a round nucleus and a thin rim of cytoplasm. About 10% of the peripheral lymphocytes are large, have a more abundant…
